Quantum dots (QDs), due to their exceptional optical properties, have emerged as promising materials for a wide range of applications. These nanocrystals exhibit tunable luminescence based on their size and composition. Surface modification strategies play a crucial role in optimizing the performance of QDs by altering their surface chemistry and t

Lead sulfide nanoparticle dots (QDs) represent a fascinating class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties due to their unique size-dependent band gap. These QDs exhibit tunable absorption and emission spectra in the visible region, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications. This review delves into the diverse f

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